Diabetes mellitus is a 21st century scourge.This endocrine disease of the pancreas leads to damage to all organs.Above all, the kidneys, eyes, heart and blood vessels suffer.Types of Diabetes - Insulin and Insulntronity Dependent.The first species are more likely to suffer from children and young people under 30 years, is transmitted with inheritance genes.In this case, the desired standard of living cannot be achieved without constant insulin introduction.An insulin pump is better read with this task.Type 2 diabetes is found in medium and elderly people with body weight gain.
In this article, we will consider the differences between diabetes of types 1 and 2.
Type 1 diabetes resources
The main mechanism for the development of the disease is the lack of insulin.This is a peptide pancreas hormone, produced by special beta cells of the langerânguangs islets.Its main function is to ensure glucose that enters the cell.Glucose is the main energy material, without it, life is impossible.In the first type of diabetes, sugar circulates in the blood, but cannot enter the cell.Therefore, the diagnosis of the disease is simple, based on the determination of blood glucose.With an increase in your level, you can make an appropriate diagnosis.Due to the need for patients to constantly take therapy, this diabetes is called insulin dependent.
The causes of cell destruction that produce insulin are not very well studied.The most common autoimmune mechanism of autoimmune injury is found when their own immunological cells attack the pancreas.Throughout life, all cells will be destroyed.The only method of treatment is insulin substitution therapy.
Types of diabetes is easy to distinguish from each other.
Type 1 disease is inherited.Therefore, it begins to manifest itself at an early age.The vast majority of patients are detected up to 30 years.Debut the disease markedly, serious symptoms develop in a short time.The cases are not rare when diabetes of the first type manifest in a coma>.
Other characteristic symptoms include:
- Unbearable headquarters;
- Increased appetite;
- dry mouth;
- Improvement of urination, including at night;
- Pronounced weight loss;
- itching on the skin;
- Pronounced weakness;
- sweating;
- vision vision.
Type 2 diabetes resources
It occurs with a constantly high intake of glucose in the body.In the vast majority of cases, it develops in patients with obesity.The mechanism of the disease is different, the body cells do not perceive glucose or not perceive insulin.This is due to a violation of metabolism that occurs during obesity.
For a long time, the disease does not appear.Then patients have symptoms -for a long time, wounds and cuts not healing, dry mouth, visual impairment, long flow candidiasis.
Type 2 diabetes is dangerous with serious complications:
- Visual violation to blindness;
- Reduction of renal function;
- Development of trophic ulcers;
- damage to the heart muscle;
- Frequent and prolonged infections.
The spectrum of target organs is wide because excess glucose affects blood vessels.That is, all organs and tissues are affected to varying degrees.
The diagnosis of the disease is common for diabetes 1 and 2 types.
We examined the differences between the 1st and the 2nd types of diabetes.What do these diseases have in common?
Despite the types of diabetes, the diagnosis is the same.The main test is the determination of blood glucose.Normally, this indicator does not exceed 5.5 mmol/L.Diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when the glucose level exceeds 6.1 mmol/L.The intermediate result is not considered a disease.Increase sugar sometimes with colds, injuries, stressful situations, non -compliance with the patient with the rules for the test, taking some medications.In such cases, it is worth repeating the analysis after a few weeks.
In addition to determining blood glucose, other diagnostic methods are also used:
- Determination of glycated hemoglobin;
- Determination of glucose and acetone in the urine;
- Determination of peptide C.
Under the conditions of the scientific centers, in order to distinguish the types of diabetes from each other, in controversial cases use the identification of genes responsible for the development of hereditary diabetes.
Differences between 1st and 2nd types of diabetes
The beginning of diabetes
The types of diabetes differ at the beginning of the disease.Hereditary diabetes develops suddenly in young and thin people, proceeds strongly, requires emergency assistance.
Type 2 diabetes develops slowly, in older people with overweight, does not require urgent intervention.
Insulin reception
It is necessary to treat diabetes of types 1 and 2. The difference in your treatment is huge.
The treatment of insulin -dependent type is mandatory.How long the patient will live without complications will live in properly selected insulin therapy.Patients should study in special schools in diabetes to study their illness, learn to live completely.
The approach to acquired diabetes therapy is completely different.Only with prolonged heavy diabetes type 2, after the use of all the arsenal of tablets, the diabetics are prescribed of insulin.
In the modern world, diabetes is not condemned, patients live for old age, can give birth to children.The spectrum of professions that diabetics can master are very large.
With the first identified diagnosis of type 1 diabetes, patients are hospitalized for insulin doses selection.After discharge, the diabetic itself controls its diet, the level of blood glucose and insulin injections.You should not limit yourself to food.The dose of the drug should correspond to the amount of glucose in food.There are bread units to measure it.This is a sugar content measurement in different types of foods.According to the number of bread units to eat, the patient should inject the equivalent insulin dose to avoid coma.
Life
With the first type of diabetes of the second type, the main emphasis is on proper nutrition.The patient is forbidden to eat candy, flour, sweet fruits, juices, some cereals.If blood sugar is not achieved by altering nutrition, sugar medications are prescribed.
The identification of congenital diabetes involves a cardinal change in the lifestyle.Now the patient is linked to a vital dose of insulin.The refusal of treatment means death.
Prevention
In addition to treatment, the difference in two types of diabetes is the possibility of prevention.It is impossible to prevent diabetes of the first type.But type 2 diabetes is not only possible, but also necessary.Obesity, lack of motor activity, candy abuse leads to the disease.